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CONSIGNMENT MAWB NOS. |
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Incoterms |
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Acceptance of Goods
The process of receiving a consignment from
a consignor, usually against the issue of
a receipt. As from this moment and on this
place the carrier's responsibility for the
consignment begins.
Act of God
Accidents of a nature beyond human control
such as flood, lightning or hurricane usually
quoted as 'force majeure'.
Ad Valorem
In proportion to the value: A phrase applied
to certain freight or customs duties levied
on goods, property, etc. set as a percentage
of their value.
Advice Note
A written piece of information e.g. about
the status of the goods.
Agency Fee
Fee payable by a shipowner or ship operator
to a port agent.
Agent
- A person or organisation authorised
to act for or on behalf of another person
or organisation
- An Agent is a corporate body with,
which there is an agreement to perform
particular functions on behalf of them
at an agreed payment. An Agent is either
a part of the organisation or an independent
body
Air Waybill
Abbreviation: AWB
A document made out by or on behalf of the
carrier(s) confirming receipt of the goods
by the carrier and evidencing the contract
between the shipper and the carrier(s) for
the carriage of goods as described therein.
Allotment
A share of the capacity of a means of transport assigned to a certain party, e.g. a carrier
or an agent, for the purpose of the booking
of cargo for a specific voyage.
American Bureau of Shipping
Abbreviation: ABS
American classification society which has
established rules and regulations for the
classification of seagoing vessels or equipment.
Arbitration
The process of referring to an agreed person
for judgement on issues of dispute, without
requiring the use of courts.
Arrival Date
The date on which goods or a means of transport
is due to arrive at the delivery site of
the transport.
Arrival Notice
A notice sent by a carrier to a nominated
notify party advising of the arrival of
a certain shipment or consignment.
Assignment
The transfer of certain rights from one
party to another.
Authorised Consignee / Consignor
A trader authorised by the European Commission
(regulation 2454/93) to receive or despatch
consignments under transit procedures without
having to present goods and documents directly
at the customs office.
Authorization
The commission to a certain person or body
to act on behalf of another person or body.
The person or body can be authorised e.g.
to issue Bills of Lading or to collect freight.
Average
In marine insurance: a loss or damage to
or in respect of goods or equipment
The numerical result obtained by dividing
the sum of two or more quantities by the
number of quantities
Average Adjusters
In general average affairs average adjusters
are entrusted with the task of apportioning
the loss and expenditure over the parties
interested in the maritime venture and to
determine which expenses are to be regarded
as average or general average. |
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B/L
A particular article, stipulation or single
proviso in a Bill of Lading. A clause can
be standard and can be pre-printed on the
B/L.
BSI Container Specification
British Standards Institution Specification
for freight containers.
Bank Guarantee
An undertaking by a bank to be answerable
for payment of a sum of money in the event
of non performance by the party on whose
behalf the guarantee is issued.
Bar Coding
A method of encoding data for fast and accurate
electronic readability. Bar codes are a
series of alternating bars and spaces printed
or stamped on products, labels, or other
media, representing encoded information
which can be read by electronic readers,
used to facilitate timely and accurate input
of data to a computer system. Bar codes
represent letters and/or numbers and special
characters like +, /, -, etc.
Bay
A vertical division of a vessel from stem
to stern, used as a part of the indication
of a stowage place for containers. The numbers
run from stem to stern; odd numbers indicate
a 20 foot position, even numbers indicate
a 40 foot position.
Bay Plan
A stowage plan which shows the locations
of all the containers on the vessel.
Berth
A location in a port where a vessel can
be moored often indicated by a code or name.
Bilateral Transport Agreement
Agreement between two nations concerning
their transport relations.
Bill of Exchange
An unconditional order in writing to pay
a certain sum of money to a named person.
Bill of Health
The Bill of Health is the certificate issued
by local medical authorities indicating
the general health conditions in the port
of departure or in the ports of call. The
Bill of Health must have been visaed before
departure by the Consul of the country of
destination.
When a vessel has free pratique, this means
that the vessel has a clean Bill of Health
certifying that there is no question of
contagious disease and that all quarantine
regulations have been complied with, so
that people may embark and disembark.
Bill of Lading
Abbreviation: B/L, plural
Bs/L
A document which evidences a contract of
carriage by sea.
The document has the following functions:
- A receipt for goods, signed by a duly
authorised person on behalf of the carriers
- A document of title to the goods described
therein
- Evidence of the terms and conditions
of carriage agreed upon between the two
parties
At the moment 3 different models
are used:
- A document for either Combined Transport
or Port to Port shipments depending whether
the relevant spaces for place of receipt
and/or place of delivery are indicated
on the face of the document
- A classic marine Bill of Lading in which
the carrier is also responsible for the
part of the transport actually performed
by himself
- Sea Waybill: A non-negotiable document,
which can only be made out to a named
consignee. No surrender of the document
by the consignee is required
Bill of Lading Clause
A particular article, stipulation or single
proviso in a Bill of Lading. A clause can
be standard and can be pre-printed on the
B/L.
Bill of Material
A list of all parts, sub-assemblies and
raw materials that constitute a particular
assembly, showing the quantity of each required
item.
Block Train
A number of railway wagons (loaded with
containers), departing from a certain place
and running straight to a place of destination,
without marshalling, transhipping or any
coupling or de-coupling of wagons.
Bona Fide
In good faith; without dishonesty, fraud
or deceit.
Bonded
The storage of certain goods under charge
of customs viz. customs seal until the import
duties are paid or until the goods are taken
out of the country.
- Bonded warehouse (place where goods
can be placed under bond)
- Bonded store (place on a vessel where
goods are placed behind seal until the
time that the vessel leaves the port or
country again)
- Bonded goods (dutiable goods upon which
duties have not been paid i.e. goods in
transit or warehoused pending customs
clearance)
Booking
The offering by a shipper of cargo for transport
and the acceptance of the offering by the
carrier or his agent.
Booking Reference Number
The number assigned to a certain booking
by the carrier or his agent.
Break Bulk
- To commence discharge
-
To strip unitised cargo
Break Bulk Cargo
General cargo conventionally stowed as opposed
to unitised, containerised and Roll On-Roll
Off cargo.
Broker
Person who acts as an agent or intermediary
in negotiating contracts.
Brussels Tariff Nomenclature
The old Customs Co-operation Council Nomenclature
for the classification of goods. Now replaced
by the Harmonised System.
Buffer Stock
A quantity of goods or articles kept in
store to safeguard against unforeseen shortages
or demands.
Bulk Cargo
Unpacked homogeneous cargo poured loose
in a certain space of a vessel or container
e.g. oil and grain.
Bulk Carrier
Single deck vessel designed to carry homogeneous
unpacked dry cargoes such as grain, iron
ore and coal.
Bulk Container
A container designed for the carriage of
free-flowing dry cargoes, which are loaded
through hatchways in the roof of the container
and discharged through hatchways at one
end of the container.
Bunker Adjustment Factor
Abbreviation: BAF
Adjustment applied by liner or liner conferences
to offset the effect of fluctuations in
the cost of bunkers.
Bunkers
Quantity of fuel on board a vessel.
Bureau Veritas
French classification society.
Business Process
A business process is the action taken to
respond to particular events, convert inputs
into outputs, and produce particular results.
Business processes are what the enterprise
must do to conduct its business successfully.
Business Process Model
The business process model provides a breakdown
(process decomposition) of all levels of
business processes within the scope of a
business area. It also shows process dynamics,
lower-level process interrelationships.
In Summary it includes all diagrams related
to a process definition that allows for
understanding what the business process
is doing (and not how).
Buyer
Party to which merchandise is sold. |
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CAD
Terms of payment: if the buyer of goods pays for the goods against transfer of the
documents, entitling him to obtain delivery
of the goods from the carrier.
CAF
Adjustment applied by P&O Nedlloyd lines
or liner conferences on freight rates to
offset losses or gains for carriers resulting
from fluctuations in exchange rates of tariff
currencies.
CENSA
Council of European and Japanese National
Shipowner's Associations.
Cabotage
- Transport of goods between two ports
or places located in the same country
- Transport of cargo in a country other
than the country where the vehicle is
registered road-cargo)
- The carriage of a container from a surplus
area to an area specified by the Owner
of that container, in exchange of which
and during which the operator can use
this container
Call
The visit of a vessel to a port.
Call Sign
A code published by the International Telecommunication
Union in its annual List of Ships' Stations
to be used for the information interchange
between vessels, port authorities and other
Note: The code structure
is based on a three digit designation series
assigned by the ITU and a one digit assigned
by the country of registration.
Capacity
- The ability, in a given time, of a
resource measured in quality and quantity
- The quantity of goods which can be stored
in or loaded into a warehouse, store and/or
loaded into a means of transport at a
particular time
Cargo
- Goods transported or to be transported,
all goods carried on a ship covered by
a B/L.
- Any goods, wares, merchandise, and articles
of every kind whatsoever carried on a
ship, other than mail, ship's stores,
ship's spare parts, ship's equipment,
stowage material, crew's effects and passengers'
accompanied baggage (IMO)
- Any property carried on an aircraft,
other than mail, stores and accompanied
or mishandled baggage Also referred to
as 'goods' (ICAO)
Cargo Handling
All procedures necessary to enable the physical
handling of goods.
Cargo Tracer
A document sent by the agent to all relevant
parties, stating that certain cargo is either
missing or over-landed.
Cargo Unit
A vehicle, container, pallet, flat, portable
tank or any other entity or any part thereof
which belongs to the ship but is not permanently
attached to that ship.
Carriage
The process of transporting (conveying)
cargo, from one point to another.
Carriage Paid To (...named
place of destination)
Abbreviation: CPT
Carriage and Insurance Paid To (...named place of destination)
Abbreviation: CIP
Carrier
The party undertaking transport of goods
from one point to another.
Carrier Haulage
The inland transport service, which is performed
by the sea-carrier under the terms and conditions
of the tariff and of the relevant transport
document.
Carriers Bill of Lading Ports
Terminal, Pre-terminal port or Post-terminal
Port as per tariff, indicated on the Bill
of Lading and which is not the port physically
called at by Carriers' ocean vessels.
Note: Under normal circumstances
in the B/L only ports should be mentioned
which are actually called at.
Carriers Lien
When the shipper ships goods 'collect',
the carrier has a possessory claim on these
goods, which means that the carrier can
retain possession of the goods as security
for the charges due.
Cartage
Abbreviation: CAD
Terms of payment: if the buyer of goods
pays for the goods against transfer of the
documents, entitling him to obtain delivery
of the goods from the carrier.
Cash On Delivery
Abbreviation: COD
Terms of payment: if the carrier collects
a payment from the consignee and remits
the amount to the shipper (air cargo).
Caveat Emptor
Let the buyer beware, purchaser must ascertain
the condition of the goods to be purchased
prior to the purchase.
Cellular Vessel
A vessel, specially designed and equipped
for the carriage of containers.
Certificate of Classification
A certificate, issued by the classification
society and stating the class under which
a vessel is registered.
Certificate of Origin
A certificate, showing the country of original
production of goods. Frequently used by
customs in ascertaining duties under preferential
tariff programmes or in connection with
regulating imports from specific sources.
Charge
An amount to be paid for carriage of goods
based on the applicable rate of such carriage,
or an amount to be paid for a special or
incidental service in connection with the
carriage of goods.
Charge Type
A separate, identifiable element of charges
to be used in the pricing/rating of common
services rendered to customers.
Charter Party
- A contract in which the shipowner agrees
to place his vessel or a part of it at
the disposal of a third party, the charterer,
for the carriage of goods for which he
receives a freight per ton cargo, or to
let his vessel for a definite period or
trip for which a hire is paid
- synonym: Charter Contract
Charterer
The legal person who has signed a charter
party with the owner of a vessel or an aircraft
and thus hires or leases a vessel or an
aircraft or a part of the capacity thereof.
Chassis
- A wheeled carriage onto which an ocean
container is mounted for inland conveyance
- The part of a motor vehicle that includes
the engine, the frame, suspension system,
wheels, steering mechanism etc., but not
the body
Claim
A charge made against a carrier for loss,
damage or delay.
Classification
Arrangement according to a systematic division
of a number of objects into groups, based
on some likeness or some common traits.
Classification Society
An Organisation, whose main function is
to carry out surveys of vessels, its purpose
being to set and maintain standards of construction
and upkeep for vessels, their engines and
their safety equipment. A classification
society also inspects and approves the construction
of containers.
Clean Bill of Lading
A Bill of Lading which does not contain
any qualification about the apparent order
and condition of the goods to be transported
(it bears no stamped clauses on the front
of the B/L). It bears no superimposed clauses
expressly declaring a defective condition
of the goods or packaging (resolution of
the ICS 1951).
Clean on Board
When goods are loaded on board and the document
issued in respect to these goods is clean.
Note: Through the usage
of the UCP 500 rules the term has now become
superfluous.
Client
A party with which a company has a commercial
relationship concerning the transport of
e.g. cargo or concerning certain services
of the company concerned, either directly
or through an agent.
Co-loading
The loading, on the way, of cargo from another
shipper, having the same final destination
as the cargo loaded earlier.
Combined Transport
Intermodal transport where the major part
of the journey is by one mode such as rail,
inland waterway or sea and any initial and/or
final leg carried out by another mode such
as road.
Combined Transport Document
Abbreviation: CTD
Negotiable or non-negotiable document evidencing
a contract for the performance and/or procurement
of performance of combined transport of
goods.
Thus a combined transport document is a
document issued by a Carrier who contracts
as a principal with the Merchant to effect
a combined transport often on a door-to-door
basis.
Combined Transport Operator
Abbreviation: CTO
A party who undertakes to carry goods with
different modes of transport.
Commercial Invoice
A document showing commercial values of
the transaction between the buyer and seller.
Commodity
Indication of the type of goods. Commodities
are coded according to the harmonised system.
Conditions
- Anything called for as requirements
before the performance or completion of
something else
- Contractual stipulations which are printed
on a document or provided separately
Conditions of Carriage
The general terms and conditions established
by a carrier in respect of the carriage
(air cargo).
Conditions of Contract
Terms and conditions shown on the Air Waybill
(air cargo).
Conference
Accumulation of vessels at a port to the
extent that vessels arriving to load or
discharge are obliged to wait for a vacant
berth.
Consignee
The party such as mentioned in the transport
document by whom the goods, cargo or containers
are to be received.
Consignment
A separate identifiable number of goods
(available to be) transported from one consignor
to one consignee via one or more than one
modes of transport and specified in one
single transport document.
Consignment Instructions
Instructions from either the seller/consignor
or the buyer/consignee to a freight forwarder,
carrier or his agent, or other provider
of a service, enabling the movement of goods
and associated activities. The following
functions can be covered:
- Movement and handling of goods (shipping,
forwarding and stowage)
- Customs formalities
- Distribution of documents
- Allocation of documents (freight and
charges for the connected operations)
- Special instructions (insurance, dangerous
goods, goods release, additional documents
required)
Consignment Note
A document prepared by the shipper and comprising
a transport contract. It contains details
of the consignment to be carried to the
port of loading and it is signed by the
inland carrier as proof of receipt.
Consignor
To group and stuff several shipments together
in one container.
Consolidated Container
Container stuffed with several shipments
(consignments) from different shippers for
delivery to one or more consignees.
Consolidation
The grouping together of smaller consignments
of goods into a large consignment for carriage
as a larger unit in order to obtain a reduced
rate.
Consolidation Point
Location where consolidation of consignments
takes place.
Consolidator
A firm or company which consolidates cargo.
Consortium
Consortium is a form of co-operation between
two or more carriers to operate in a particular
trade.
Container
An item of equipment as defined by the International
Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) for
transport purposes. It must be of:
- a permanent character and accordingly
strong enough to be suitable for repeated
use
- specially designed to facilitate the
carriage of goods, by one or more modes
of transport without intermediate reloading
- fitted with devices permitting its ready
handling, particularly from one mode of
transport to another
- so designed as to be easy to fill and
empty
- having an internal volume of 1 m3 or
more
The term container includes neither vehicles
nor conventional packing.
Container Check Digit
The 7th digit of the serial number of a
container used to check whether prefix and
serial number are correct.
Container Depot
Storage area for empty containers.
Container Freight Station
Abbreviation: CFS
A facility at which (export) LCL cargo is
received from merchants for loading (stuffing)
into containers or at which (import) LCL
cargo is unloaded (stripped) from containers
and delivered to merchants.
Container Lease
The contract by which the owner of containers
(lessor) gives the use of containers to
a lessee for a specified period of time
and for fixed payments.
Container Load Plan (CLP)
A list of items loaded in a specific container
and where appropriate their sequence of
loading.
Container Manifest
The document specifying the contents of
particular freight containers or other transport
units, prepared by the party responsible
for their loading into the container or
unit.
Container Number
Identification number of a container consisting
of prefix and serial number and check digit.
(e.g. KNLU 123456-7)
Container Prefix
A four letter code that forms the first
part of a container identification number
indicating the owner of a container.
Container Size Code
An indication of 2 digits of the nominal
length and nominal height.
Container Terminal
Place where loaded and/or empty containers
are loaded or discharged into or from a
means of transport.
Container Yard
Abbreviation: CY
A facility at which FCL traffic and empty
containers are received from or delivered
to the Merchant by or on behalf of the Carrier.
Note: Often this yard is
used to receive goods on behalf of the merchant
and pack these in containers for FCL traffic.
Containerised
Indication that goods have been stowed in
a container.
Contraband
Goods forbidden by national law to be imported
or exported.
Contract
An agreement enforceable by law between
two or more parties stipulating their rights
and obligations which are required by one
or both parties to acts or forbearance by
the other or both.
Conventional Cargo
General cargo conventionally stowed as opposed
to unitised, containerised and Roll On-Roll
Off cargo.
Cost and Freight (...named
port of destination)
Abbreviation: CFR
Cost, Insurance and Freight (...named
port of destination)
Abbreviation: CIF
Crew Member
Any person actually employed for duties
on board during a voyage in the working
or service of a ship and included in the
crew list (IMO).
Cruise Ship
A ship on an international voyage carrying
passengers participating in a group program
and accommodated on board, for the purpose
of making scheduled temporary tourist visits
at one or more different ports, and which
during the voyage does not normally: (a)
embark or disembark any other passengers;
(b) load or discharge any cargo.
Currency Adjustment Factor
Abbreviation: CAF
Adjustment applied by lines or liner conferences
on freight rates to offset losses or gains
for carriers resulting from fluctuations
in exchange rates of tariff currencies.
Customs
The department of the Civil Service that
deals with the levying of duties and taxes
on imported goods from foreign countries
and the control over the export and import
of goods e.g. allowed quota prohibited goods.
Customs Broker
An authorised agent specialised in customs
clearance procedures on account of importers/exporters.
Customs Clearance Agent
Customs broker or other agent of the consignee
designated to perform customs clearance
services for the consignee.
Customs Invoice
Document required by the customs in an importing
country in which an exporter states the
invoice or other price (e.g. selling price,
price of identical goods), and specifies
costs for freight, insurance and packing
etc., terms of delivery and payment, for
the purpose of determining the customs value
in the importing country of goods consigned
to that country.
Customs Value
The worth of an item or group of items expressed
in a monetary amount, within a consignment
declared to Customs for duty and statistical
reasons.
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Damaged Cargo Report
Written statement concerning established
damages to cargo and/or equipment.
Dangerous Goods
Goods are to be considered dangerous if
the transport of such goods might cause
harm, risk, peril, or other evil to people,
environment, equipment or any property whatsoever.
Dangerous Goods Declaration
Document issued by a consignor in accordance
with applicable conventions or regulations,
describing hazardous goods or materials
for transport purposes, and stating that
the latter have been packed and labelled
in accordance with the provisions of the
relevant conventions or regulations.
Dangerous Goods Packing Certificate
A document as part of the dangerous goods
declaration in which the responsible party
declares that the cargo has been stowed
in accordance with the rules in a clean
container in compliance with the IMDG regulations
and properly secured.
Deadfreight
Slots paid for but not used.
Deadweight
Abbreviation: DWT
The total weight of cargo, cargo equipment,
bunkers, provisions, water, stores and spare
parts which a vessel can lift when loaded
to her maximum draught as applicable under
the circumstances. The dead-weight is expressed
in tons.
Degroupage
Splitting up shipments into small consignments.
Delivered Duty Paid (...named
place of destination)
Abbreviation: DDP
Delivered Duty Unpaid (...named place of destination)
Abbreviation: DDU
Delivered Ex Quay (...named
port of destination)
Abbreviation: DEQ
Delivered Ex Ship (...named
port of destination)
Abbreviation: DES
Delivery Instruction
Document issued by a buyer giving instructions
regarding the details of the delivery of
goods ordered.
Delivery Note
A document recording the delivery of products
to a consignee (customer).
Delivery Order
- A carrier's delivery order (negotiable
document) is used for splitting a B/L
(after surrender) in different parcels
and have the same function as a B/L.
- The authorisation of the entitled party
for the shipment to a party other than
the consignee showed on the Air Waybill
(air cargo)
Demurrage
- A variable fee charged to carriers
and/or customers for the use of Unit Load
Devices (ULD's) owned by a carrier beyond
the free time of shipment
- Additional charge imposed for exceeding
the free time, which is included in the
rate and allowed for the use of certain
equipment at the terminal
Despatch Advice
Information send by shippers to the recipient
of goods informing that specified goods
are sent or ready to be sent advising the
detailed contents of the consignment.
Destination
- Place for which goods or a vehicle
is bound
- The ultimate stopping place according
to the contract of carriage (air cargo)
Detention
Keeping equipment beyond the time allowed.
Detention Charge
Charges levied on usage of equipment exceeding
free time period as stipulated in the pertinent
inland rules and conditions.
Devanning
See Stripping, UnpackingDeviation from a
Route
A divergence from the agreed or customary
route.
Dimensions
Measurements in length, width and height,
regarding cargo.
Direct Delivery
- The conveyance of goods directly from
the vendor to the buyer. Frequently used
if a third party acts as intermediary
agent between vendor and buyer
- Direct discharge from vessel onto railroad
car, road vehicle or barge with the purpose
of immediate transport from the port area
(usually occurs when ports lack adequate
storage space or when ports are not equipped
to handle a specific cargo)
Direct Interchange
Transfer of leased equipment from one lessee
to another (container).
Direct Route
The shortest operated route between two
points.
Discharge
- The unloading of a vehicle, a vessel
or an aircraft
- The landing of cargo
Discrepancy
Difference between the particulars given
and the particulars found.
Distribution Centre
A warehouse for the receipt, the storage
and the dispersal of goods among customers.
Distribution Channel
The route by which a company distributes
goods.
Door to Door Transport
The transport of cargo from the premises
of the consignor to the premises of the
consignee.
Note: In the United States
the term 'Point to Point Transport' is used
instead of the term 'Door to Door Transport',
because the term 'house' may mean 'customs
house' or 'brokers house', which are usually
located in the port.
Double Stack Train
A number of railway wagons, usually a block
train, on which containers can be stacked
two- high.
Draft
The draft of a vessel is the vertical distance
between the waterline and the underside
of the keel of the vessel. During the construction
of a vessel the marks showing the draft
are welded on each side of the vessel near
the stem, the stern and amidships.
Drawback
Repayment of any part of customs or excise
duties previously collected on imported
goods, when those goods are exported again.
Drayage
- The hauling of a load by a cart with
detachable sides (dray)
- Road transportation between the nearest
railway terminal and the stuffing place
Drop off Charge
Charge made by container owner and/or terminal
operators for delivery of a leased, or pool
container into depot stock. The drop-off
charge may be a combination of actual handling
and storage charges with surcharges.
Dunnage
Stowage material, mainly timber or board,
used to prevent damage to cargo during carriage.
Duty Free Zone
An area where goods or cargo can be stored
without paying import customs duties awaiting
further transport or manufacturing.
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EDI For Administration, Commerce
and Transport
Abbreviation: UN/EDIFACT
The ISO application level syntax rules for
the structuring of user data and of the
associated service data in the interchange
of messages in an open environment.
Electronic Data Interchange
Abbreviation: EDI
The transfer of structured data, by agreed
standards from applications on the computer
of one party to the applications on the
computer of another party by electronic
means.
Electronic Data Processing
Abbreviation: EDP
The computerised handling of information
(e.g. business data).
Embargo
- A government order prohibiting the
entry or departure of commercial vessels
or goods at its ports
- The refusal by a carrier, for a limited
period, to accept for transport over any
route or segment thereof, and to or from
any area or point, of a connecting carrier,
any commodity, type of class of cargo
duly tendered (air cargo)
Emergency Medical Service
Abbreviation: EMS
Medical procedures in case of emergencies
on board of vessels.
Endorsement
The transfer of the right to obtain delivery
of the goods of the carrier by means of
the consignee's signature on the reverse
side of a bill of lading. If the name of
the new consignee (transferee) is not stated,
the endorsement is an open one which means
that every holder of the document is entitled
to obtain delivery of the goods.
Equipment Interchange Receipt
Abbreviation: EIR
Physical inspection and transfer receipt.
Estimated Time of Arrival
Abbreviation: ETA
The expected date and time of arrival in
a certain (air)port.
Estimated Time of Departure
Abbreviation: ETD
The expected date and time when a certain
(air)port is left.
Ex Works (...named place)
Abbreviation: EXW
Export
The process of carrying or sending goods
to another country or countries, especially
for purposes of use or sale in the country
of destination. The sale of products to
clients abroad.
Export Licence
Document granting permission to export as
detailed within a specified time.
Exporter
The party responsible for the export of
goods.
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FMC
Federal Maritime Commission (Control of
Shipping acts USA)
FTL
Full Truck Load, an indication for a truck
transporting cargo directly from supplier
to receiver.
Factory Delivery
The delivery of goods by a factory whereby
the goods are put at the disposal of another
(internal) party such as a commercial department.
Feeder
A vessel normally used for local or coastal
transport (for carriage of cargo and/or
containers) to and from ports not scheduled
to be called by the main (ocean) vessel,
directly connecting these ports to the main
(ocean) vessel.
Flag
An indication of the country in which a
means of transport is registered through
a reference to the ensign of this country.
Flammable
Capable to be set on fire under given circumstances.
(Amendment 25 IMO DGS).
Flash Point
The lowest temperature at which a good produces
enough vapour to form a flammable mixture
with air.
Flat Rack Container
A container with two end walls and open
sides.
Fleet
Any group of means of transport acting together
or under one control.
Force Majeure
Circumstance which is beyond the control
of one of the parties to a contract and
which may, according to the terms and conditions,
relieve that party of liability for failing
to execute the contract.
Fork Lift Truck
A three or four wheeled mechanical truck
with forks at the front designed for lifting,
carrying and stowing cargo.
Forty Foot Equivalent Unit
Abbreviation: FEU
Unit of measurement equivalent to one forty
foot container.
Forwarder
The party arranging the carriage of goods
including connected services and/or associated
formalities on behalf of a shipper or consignee.
Forwarding Charge
Charges paid or to be paid for preliminary
surface or air transport to the airport
of departure by a forwarder, but not by
a carrier under an Air Waybill (air cargo).
Forwarding Instruction
Document issued to a freight forwarder,
giving instructions to the forwarder for
the forwarding of goods described therein.
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Gang
A number of workmen acting together especially
for loading and/or discharging operations
of a vessel in combination with the necessary
gear. (On a vessel for instance 6 gangs
can be ordered to discharge or load.)
Garments On Hangers
Clothes in containers on hangers and hung
from rails during transit, reducing the
handling required for the garments.
Gateway
A point at which cargo is interchanged between
carriers or modes of transport
A means of access, an entry
General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade
Abbreviation: GATT
Major international agreement on trade and
tariffs between many nations all over the
world. The discussions are now held by the
WTO.
General Average
Abbreviation: G/A
Intentional act or sacrifice which is carried
out to safeguard vessel and cargo. When
a vessel is in danger, the master has the
right to sacrifice property and/or to incur
reasonable expenditure. Measures taken for
the sole benefit of any particular interest
are not considered general average.
General Average Act (York-Antwerp
Rules)
There is a general average act when, and
only when any extraordinary sacrifice or
expenditure is intentionally and reasonably
made or incurred for the common safety for
the purpose of preserving from peril the
property involved in a common maritime adventure.
General Cargo
- Cargo, consisting of goods, unpacked
or packed, for example in cartons, crates,
bags or bales, often palletised. General
cargo can be shipped either in breakbulk
or containerised
- Any consignment other than a consignment
containing valuable cargo and charged
for transport at general cargo rates (air
cargo)
General Purpose Container
A container used for the carriage of general
cargo without any special requirements for
the transport and or the conditioning of
the goods.
Goods
- Common term indicating movable property,
merchandise or wares
- All materials which can be used to satisfy
demands
- Whole or part of the cargo received
from the shipper, including any equipment
supplied by the shipper
Goods Receipt
Document issued by a port, warehouse, shed,
or terminal operator acknowledging receipt
of goods specified therein on conditions
stated or referred to in the document.
Goods in Transit
The goods which have departed from the initial
loading point and not yet arrived at the
final unloading point.
Groupage
The collection of several small consignments
and the formation of one large shipment
thereof (road cargo).
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Hague Rules
International convention for the unification
of certain rules, relating to Bills of Lading
(1924). These Rules include the description
of responsibilities of Shipping Lines.
Hague-Visby Rules
Set of rules, published in 1968, amending
the Hague Rules.
Hamburg Rules
United Nations Convention on the carriage
of goods by sea of 1978 adopted in 1992.
Harmonized System
Abbreviation: HS
It is a numeric multi purpose system, the
international convention on the HS was established
under auspices of the World Customs Organisation
in 1983, for the classification of goods
with its six digits covering about 5000
descriptions of the products or groups of
products most commonly produced and traded.
It is designed for customs services, but
can also be used for statistics, transport
purposes, export, import and manufacturing.
Haulage
The inland carriage of cargo or containers
between named locations/points.
- Merchant inspired Carrier Haulage or
customer nominated Carrier Haulage or
shipper preferred Carrier Haulage service
performed by a sub-contractor of the merchant
- Carrier inspired Merchant Haulage means
Haulage service performed by a sub- contractor
of the Carrier
Haulier
Road carrier.
House to House Transport
The transport of cargo from the premises
of the consignor to the premises of the
consignee.
Note: In the United States
the term 'Point to Point Transport' is used
instead of the term 'Door to Door Transport',
because the term 'house' may mean 'customs
house' or 'brokers house', which are usually
located in the port.
Hub
The central transhipment point in a transport
structure, serving a number of consignees
and/or consignors by means of spokes. The
stretches between hubs mutually are referred
to as trunks.
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Idle Time
The amount of ineffective time whereby the
available resources are not used e.g. a
container in a yard.
In Transit
The status of goods or persons between the
outwards customs clearance and inwards customs
clearance.
Inco terms
Trade terms in coded form as established
by the International Chamber of Commerce
in 1953, whereafter they have been regularly
updated. (Last update 2000). The terms represent
a set of international rules for the interpretation
of the principal terms of delivery used
in trade contracts.
Inland Waterways Bill of Lading
Transport document made out to a named person,
to order or to bearer, signed by the carrier
and handed to the sender after receipt of
the goods.
Insurance
A system of protection against loss under
which a party agrees to pay a certain sum
(premiums) for a guarantee that they will
be compensated under certain conditions
for loss or damage.
Insurance Certificate
Proof of an insurance contract.
Insurance Company
The party covering the risks of the issued
goods and/or services that are insured.
Intermodal Transport
The movement of goods (containers) in one
and the same loading unit or vehicle which
uses successively several modes of transport
without handling of the goods themselves
in changing modes.
International Air Transport Association
Abbreviation: IATA
An international organisation of airlines,
founded in 1945, with the aim of promoting
the commercial air traffic. Parties should
achieve this by co-operation between the
parties concerned and by performance of
certain rules, procedures and tariffs, regarding
both cargo and passengers.
International Association of Classification
Societies
Abbreviation: IACS
An organisation in which the major classification
societies, among others American Bureau
of Shipping, Lloyd's Register of Shipping
and Germanischer Lloyd, are joined, whose
principal aim is the improvement of standards
concerning safety at sea.
International Chamber of Shipping
Abbreviation: ICS
A voluntary organisation of national shipowner'
associations with the objective to promote
interests of its members, primarily in the
technical and legal fields of shipping operations.
International Maritime Dangerous
Goods Code
Abbreviation: IMDG Code
A code, representing the classification
of dangerous goods as defined by the International
Maritime Organisation (IMO) in compliance
with international legal requirements.
International Maritime Organisation
Abbreviation: IMO
An United Nations agency concerned with
safety at sea. Its work includes codes and
rules relating to tonnage measurement of
vessels, load lines, pollution and the carriage
of dangerous goods.
Its previous name was the Inter-Governmental
Maritime Consultative Organisation (IMCO).
Invoice
An account from the supplier, for goods
and/or services supplied by him.
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Jetsam
Goods thrown or lost.
Jettison
The act of intentionally throwing cargo
overboard e.g. with the objective of lightening
a vessel, which has run aground, such for
the common good of all interests: vessel,
crew and remaining cargo.
Jetty
A mole or breakwater, running out into the
sea to protect harbours or coasts. It is
sometimes used as a landing-pier.
Jib
- Projecting arm of a crane
- Attachment connected to the top of a
crane boom
Job
That work which is undertaken to meet a
customer or production order and, for production
control purposes, has a unique identification.
Joint Venture
A joint activity of two or more companies
usually performed under a common name.
Journey
A voyage from one place, port or country
to another one, in case of a round trip,
to the same one.
Jurisprudence
Juridical decisions used for explanation
and meaning of law.
Just In Time
Abbreviation: JIT
The movement of material/goods at the necessary
place at the necessary time.
The implication is that each operation is
closely synchronised with the subsequent
ones to make that possible.
A method of inventory control that brings
stock into the production process, warehouse
or to the customer just in time to be used,
thus reducing stock piling.
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Kyoto Convention
The convention for the International Customs
Co-operation Council held in Kyoto in 1974
for the simplification and harmonisation
of national customs procedures.
On 25th of June 1999 the updated and restructured
International Convention on the simplification
and harmonisation of Customs Procedures
(Kyoto Convention) was unanimously adopted
by 114 customs administrations.
This convention was restructured to deal
with computerised controls and to ensure
better co- operation between customs authorities
mutually and with trade in general. |
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Label
A slip of e.g. paper or metal attached to
an object to indicate the nature, ownership,
destination, contents and/or other particulars
of the object.
Lash
To hold goods in position by the use of,
e.g., wires, ropes, chains and straps.
ShipLeasing Company
The company from which property or equipment
is taken on lease.
Less than Container Load
Abbreviation: LCL
- A general reference for identifying
cargo in any quantity intended for carriage
in a container, where the Carrier is responsible
for packing and/or unpacking the container
- For operational purposes a LCL (Less
than full container load) container is
considered a container in which multiple
consignments or parts thereof are shipped
Abbreviation: LTL
A term used if the quantity or volume of
one or more consignment(s) does not fill
a standard truck.
Lessee
The party to whom the possession of specified
property has been conveyed for a period
of time in return for rental payments.
Lessor
The party who conveys specified property
to another for a period of time in return
for the receipt of rent.
Letter of Credit
Abbreviation: L/C
A written undertaking by a bank (issuing
bank) given to the seller (beneficiary)
at the request, and on the instructions
of the buyer (applicant) to pay at sight
or at a determinable future date up to a
stated sum of money, within a prescribed
time limit and against stipulated documents.
Letter of Indemnity
Written statement in which one party undertakes
to compensate another for the costs and
consequences of carrying out a certain act.
The issue of a letter of indemnity is sometimes
used for cases when a shipper likes receiving
a clean Bill of Lading while a carrier is
not allowed to do so.
Liability
Legal responsibility for the consequences
of certain acts or omissions.
Lien
A legal claim upon real or personal property
to pay a debt or duty.
Liner Conference
A group of two or more vessel-operating
carriers, which provides international liner
services for the carriage of cargo on a
particular trade route and which has an
agreement or arrangement to operate under
uniform or common freight rates and any
other agreed conditions (e.g. FEFC = Far
Eastern Freight Conference).
Liner In Free Out
Abbreviation: LIFO
Transport condition denoting that the freight
rate is inclusive of the sea carriage and
the cost of loading, the latter as per the
custom of the port. It excludes the cost
of discharging.
Liner Terms
Condition of carriage denoting that costs
for loading and unloading are borne by the
carrier subject the custom of the port concerned.
Lloyd's Register of Shipping
British classification society.
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Main-line Operator
Abbreviation: MLO
A carrier employing vessel(s) in the main
or principal routes in a trade but not participating
within a consortium.
Manifest
Document, which lists the specifications
of goods, loaded in a means of transport
or equipment for transportation purposes.
As a rule cargo the agents in the place
of loading draw up manifests.
Note: For P&O Nedlloyd
a manifest represents a cumulation of Bills
of Lading for official and administrative
purposes.
Marine Insurance Policy
An insurance policy protecting the insured
against loss or damage to his goods occurred
during ocean transport.
Mate's Receipt
A document signed by the chief officer of
a vessel acknowledging the receipt of a
certain consignment on board of that vessel.
On this document, remarks can be made as
to the order and condition of the consignment.
Medical First Aid Guide
Abbreviation: MFAG
Instructions to be consulted in case of
accidents involving dangerous goods.
Merchant Haulage
Inland transport of cargo in containers
arranged by the Merchant.
It includes empty container-moves to and
from hand-over points in respect of containers
released by the Carrier to Merchants.
Note: Carrier's responsibility under the
Bill of Lading does not include the inland
transport stretch under Merchant Haulage.
Multimodal Transport
The carriage of goods (containers) by at
least two different modes of transport.
Multimodal Transport Document
Negotiable or non-negotiable document evidencing
a contract for the performance and/or procurement
of performance of combined transport of
goods.
Thus a combined transport document is a
document issued by a Carrier who contracts
as a principal with the Merchant to effect
a combined transport often on a door-to-door
basis.
Multimodal Transport Operator/Carrier
Abbreviation: MTO/Carrier
The person on whose behalf the transport
document or any document evidencing a contract
of multimodal carriage of goods is issued
and who is responsible for the carriage
of goods pursuant to the contract of carriage.
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Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier
Abbreviation: NVOCC
A party who undertakes to carry goods and
issues in his own name a Bill of Lading
for such carriage, without having the availability
of any own means of transport.
Notify Address
Address of the party other than the consignee
to be advised of the arrival of the goods.
Notify Party
The party to be notified of arrival of goods. |
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Oncarriage
The carriage of goods (containers) by any
mode of transport to the place of delivery
after discharge from the ocean vessel (main
means of transport) at the port (place)
of discharge.
One Stop Shop
An organisation, which provides all needed
requirements in one location.
Open Top Container
A freight container similar in all respects
to a general purpose container except that
it has no rigid roof but may have a flexible
and movable or removable cover, for example
one made of canvas or plastic or reinforced
plastic material normally supported on movable
or removable roof bows.
Out of Gauge Cargo
Cargo which dimensions are exceeding the
normal dimensions of a 20 or 40 feet container,
e.g. overlength, overwidth, overheight,
or combinations thereof.
Outturn Report
Written statement by a stevedoring company
in which the condition of cargo discharged
from a vessel is noted along with any discrepancies
in the quantity compared with the vessel's
manifest.
Overheight Cargo
Cargo, exceeding the standard height.
Overlength Cargo
Cargo, exceeding the standard length.
Overwidth Cargo
Cargo, exceeding the standard width.
Owner
The legal owner of cargo, equipment or means
of transport.
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P & I Club
A mutual association of shipowners who provide
protection against liabilities by means
of contributions.
- Any physical piece of cargo in relation
to transport consisting of the contents
and its packing for the purpose of ease
of handling by manual or mechanical means
- The final product of the packing operation
consisting of the packing and its contents
to facilitate manual or mechanical handling
Packaging
Materials used for the containment, protection,
handling, delivery and presentation of goods
and the activities of placing and securing
goods in those materials.
Packing Instruction
Document issued within an enterprise giving
instructions on how goods are to be packed.
Packing List
Document specifying the contents of each
individual package.
Pallet
A platform on which goods can be stacked
in order to facilitate the movement by a
fork lift or sling.
Panamax Size
The maximum measurements and dimensions
of a vessel capable to pass the Panama Canal.
Payload
The revenue-producing load carried by a
means of transport.
Payment Against Documents
Instructions given by a seller to a bank
to the effect that the buyer may collect
the documents necessary to obtain delivery
of the goods only upon actual payment of
the invoice.
Physical Distribution
Those activities related to the flow of
goods from the end of conversion to the
customer.
Pier
That part of a wharf which is intended for
the mooring of vessels.
Pilferage
Petty stealing of goods from a ship's hold,
cargo shed or warehouse.
Place of Acceptance
The location where a consignment (shipment)
is received by the carrier from the shipper
viz. the place where the carrier's liability
for transport venture commences.
Place of Delivery
The location where a consignment (shipment)
is delivered to the consignee viz. the place
where the carrier's liability ends for the
transport venture.
Place of Despatch
Name and address specifying where goods
are collected or taken over by the carrier
(i.e. if other than consignor).
Place of Receipt
The location where a consignment (shipment)
is received by the carrier from the shipper
viz. the place where the carrier's liability
for transport venture commences.
Port of Call
Place where a vessel actually drops anchor
or moors during a certain voyage.
Port of Discharge
The port where the cargo is actually discharged
(unloaded) from the sea (ocean) going vessel.
Port of Loading
The port where the cargo is actually loaded
on board the sea (ocean) going vessel.
Precarriage
The carriage of goods (containers) by any
mode of transport from the place of receipt
to the port (place) of loading into the
ocean vessel (main means of transport).
Precarrier
The carrier by which the goods are moved
prior to the main transport.
Preshipment Inspection
Abbreviation: PSI
The checking of goods before shipment for
the purpose of determining the quantity
and/or quality of said goods by an independent
surveyor (inspection company) for phytosanitary,
sanitary and veterinary controls.
Presently there is a tendency by developing
countries to use the inspection also for
the purpose of determining whether the price
charged for certain goods is correct.
Principal
Person for whom another acts as agent.
Pro Forma Invoice
Draft invoice sent to an importer by the
exporter prior to order confirmation and
shipment to assist in matters relating to
obtaining import licences or foreign exchange
allocations, or simply to advise the value
of a consignment so that letters of credit
can be opened.
Project Cargo
Quantity of goods connected to the same
project and often carried on different moments
and from various places.
Proof of Delivery
The receipt signed by the consignee upon
delivery.
Proper Shipping Name
A name to be used to describe particular
goods on all documents and notifications
and, if appropriate, on the goods. basis
(air cargo).
Protection and Indemnity Club
Abbreviation: P &
I club
A mutual association of shipowners who provide
protection against liabilities by means
of contributions. |
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Rate
The price of a transport service
Quantity, amount or degree measured or applied
Rebate
That part of a transport charge which the
carrier agrees to return.
Receipt
A written acknowledgement, that something
has been received.
Reefer Cargo
Cargo requiring temperature control.
Reefer Container
A thermal container with refrigerating appliances
(mechanical compressor unit, absorption
unit etc.) to control the temperature of
cargo.
Regroupage
The process of splitting up shipments into
various consignments (degroupage) and combining
these small consignments into other shipments
(groupage).
Release Order
A document issued by or on behalf of the
carrier authorising the release of import
cargo identified thereon and manifested
under a single Bill of Lading.
Roll-on Roll-off
Abbreviation: RoRo
System of loading and discharging a vessel
whereby the cargo is driven on and off by
means of a ramp.
Route
The track along which goods are (to be)
transported.
Routing
- The determination of the most efficient
route(s) that people, goods, materials
and or means of transport have to follow
- The process of determining how a shipment
will be moved between consignor and consignee
or between place of acceptance by the
carrier and place of delivery to the consignee
- The process of aiding a vessel's navigation
by supplying long range weather forecasts
and indicating the most economic and save
sailing route
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Said to Contain
Abbreviation: STC
Term in a Bill of Lading signifying that
the master and the carrier are unaware of
the nature or quantity of the contents of
e.g. a carton, crate, container or bundle
and are relying on the description furnished
by the shipper.
Salvage
The saving or rescue of a vessel and/or
the cargo from loss and/or damage at sea.
Schedule
A timetable including arrival/departure
times of ocean- and feeder vessels and also
inland transportation. It refers to named
ports in a specific voyage (journey) within
a certain trade indicating the voyage number(s).
In general: The plan of times for starting
and/or finishing activities.
Seal
A device used for containers, lockers, trucks
or lorries to proof relevant parties that
they have remained closed during transport.
Seaworthiness
Fitness of a vessel to travel in open sea
mostly related to a particular voyage with
a particular cargo.
Seller
Party selling merchandise to a buyer.
Sender
A service Bill (of Lading) is a contract
of carriage issued by one carrier to another
for documentary and internal control purposes
For internal documentary and control purposes
a so-called participating agent in a consortium
uses some kind of document which, depending
on the trade, is referred to as 'Memo Bill'
which will among others state:
- Name of Carrier on whose behalf the
original document (Way Bill, Bill of Lading,
etc.) was issued
- Name of Carrier on whose behalf the
original document (Way Bill, Bill of Lading,
etc.) was issued
- The original document number. The agent
who issued the original document and his
opponent at the discharging side
- The number of packages, weight and measurement,
marks and numbers and goods description
- Further mandatory details in case of
special cargo
No freight details will be mentioned and
the Memo Bill is not a contract of carriage.
Acts as intermediary between shipowners
or carriers by sea on the one hand and cargo
interests on the other. The functions are
to act as forwarding agent or custom broker,
fixing of charters, and acting as chartering
agent.
Ship Operator
A ship operator is either the shipowner
or the (legal) person responsible for the
actual management of the vessel and its
crew.
Ship's Protest
Statement of the master of a vessel before
(in the presence of) competent authorities,
concerning exceptional events which occurred
during a voyage.
Shipment
A separately identifiable collection of
goods to be carried.
Note: In the United States
of America the word shipment is used instead
of the word consignment.
The (legal) person officially registered
as such in the certificate of registry where
the following particulars are contained:
- Name of vessel and port of registry
- Details contained in surveyors certificate
- The particulars respecting the origin
stated in the declaration of ownership
- The name and description of the registered
owner, if more than one owner the proportionate
share of each
Shipper
The merchant (person) by whom, in whose name
or on whose behalf a contract of carriage
of goods has been concluded with a carrier
or any party by whom, in whose name or on
whose behalf the goods are actually delivered
to the carrier in relation to the contract
of carriage.
Shipper's Export Declaration
Abbreviation: SED
A United States customs form to be completed
for all exports to assist the government
in compiling export statistics.
Shipper's Letter of Instruction
Abbreviation: SLI
A document containing instructions given
by the shipper or the shipper's agent for
preparing documents and forwarding (air
cargo).
Shipping Note
Document provided by the shipper or his
agent to the carrier, multimodal transport
operator, terminal or other receiving authority,
giving information about export consignments
offered for transport, and providing for
the necessary receipts and declarations
of liability.
Shipping Documents
Documents required for the carriage of goods.
Shipping Instruction
Document advising details of cargo and exporter's
requirements of its physical movement.
Shipping Label
A label attached to a unit, containing certain
data.
Shipping Marks
The identification shown on individual packages
in order to help in moving it without delay
or confusion to its final destination and
to enable the checking of cargo against
documents.
Shortage
The negative difference between actual available
or delivered quantity and the required quantity.
Shrink Wrapping
Heat treatment that shrinks an envelope
of polyethylene or similar substance around
several units, thus forming one unit. It
is used e.g. to secure packages on a pallet.
Slot
The space on board a vessel, required by
one TEU, mainly used for administrative
purposes.
Slot Charter
A voyage charter whereby the shipowner agrees
to place a certain number of container slots
(TEU and/or FEU) at the charterer's disposal.
Special Drawing Rights
Abbreviation: SDR
Unit of account from the International Monetary
Fund (IMF), i.a. used to express the amount
of the limitations of a carrier's liability.
Special Rate
A rate other than a normal rate.
Stability
The capacity of a vessel to return to its
original position after having been displaced
by external forces. The stability of a vessel
depends on the meta-centric height.
Stack
An identifiable amount of containers stowed
in a orderly way in one specified place
on an (ocean) terminal, container freight
station, container yard or depot.
Storage
The activity of placing goods into a store
or the state of being in store (e.g. a warehouse).
Storage Charge
The fee for keeping goods in a warehouse.
Stowage
The placing and securing of cargo or containers
on board a vessel or an aircraft or of cargo
in a container.
Stowage Factor
Ratio of a cargo's cubic measurement to
its weight, expressed in cubic feet to the
ton or cubic metres to the tonne, used in
order to determine the total quantity of
cargo which can be loaded in a certain space.
Stowage Instructions
Imperative details about the way certain
cargo is to be stowed, given by the shipper
or his agent.
Stowage Plan
A plan indicating the locations on the vessel
of all the consignments for the benefit
of stevedores and vessel's officers.
Stripping
The unloading of cargo out of a container.
Stuffing
The loading of cargo into a container.
Supply Chain
A sequence of events in a goods flow which
adds to the value of a specific good. These
events may include:
- conversion
- assembling and/or disassembling
- movements and placements
Supply Vessel
Vessel which carries stock and stores to
offshore drilling rigs, platforms.
Surcharge
An additional charge added to the usual
or customary freight.
Survey
An inspection of a certain item or object
by a recognised specialist.
Surveyor
A specialist who carries out surveys.
Note: A surveyor is often representing a
classification bureau or a governmental
body. |
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Tallyman / Clerk
A person who records the number of cargo
items together with the condition thereof
at the time it is loaded into or discharged
from a vessel.
Tank Container
A tank, surrounded by a framework with the
overall dimensions of a container for the
transport of liquids or gasses in bulk.
Tanker
A vessel designed for the carriage of liquid
cargo in bulk.
Tare Weight of Container
Mass of an empty container including all
fittings and appliances associated with
that particular type of container on its
normal operating condition.
Tariff
The schedule of rates, charges and related
transport conditions.
Terminal
A location on either end of a transportation
line including servicing and handling facilities.
Terms of Delivery
All the conditions agreed upon between trading
partners regarding the delivery of goods
and the related services.
Note: Under normal circumstances the INCO
terms are used to prevent any misunderstandings. |
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Ultimate Consignee
Party who has been designated on the invoice
or packing list as the final recipient of
the stated merchandise.
Unaccompanied Baggage
Luggage not accompanied by a passenger.
Unit Load
A number of individual packages bonded,
palletised or strapped together to form
a single unit for more efficient handling
by mechanical equipment.
United Nations Conference on Trade
and Development
Abbreviation: UNCTAD
A United Nations agency whose work in Shipping
includes the liner code involving the sharing
of cargoes between the Shipping lines of
the importing and exporting countries and
third countries in the ratio 40:40:20.
United Nations Dangerous Goods
Number
Abbreviation: UNDG Number
The four-digit number assigned by the United
Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport
of Dangerous Goods to classify a substance
or a particular groups of substances.
Note: The prefix 'UN' must always be used
in conjunction with these numbers.
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Valuable Cargo
A consignment which contains one or more
valuable articles.
Value Added Tax
Abbreviation: VAT
A form of indirect sales tax paid on products
and services at each stage of production
or distribution, based on the value added
at that stage and included in the cost to
the ultimate customer.
Vanning
Buyer.
Vendor
Seller.
Very Large Crude Carrier
Abbreviation: VLCC
A vessel designed for the carriage of liquid
cargo in bulk with a loading capacity from
50.000 till 250.000 DWT.
Vessel
- A floating structure designed for the
transport of cargo and/or passengers
- Boiler, drum
Volume
Size or measure of anything in three dimensions.
Volume Charge
A charge for carriage of goods based on
their volume (air cargo).
Voyage
A journey by sea from one port or country
to another one or, in case of a round trip,
to the same port.
Voyage Charter
A contract under which the shipowner agrees
to carry an agreed quantity of cargo from
a specified port or ports to another port
or ports for a remuneration called freight,
which is calculated according to the quantity
of cargo loaded, or sometimes at a lumpsum
freight.
Voyage Number
Reference number assigned by the carrier
or his agent to the voyage of the vessel.
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War Risk
Perils of war or warlike operations, such
as capture, seizure, arrests, restraints
of kings, princesses and people, hostilities,
civil war, mines, torpedo's. War risks are
not covered under a policy for marine perils
and must therefore be covered under a separate
policy for war risks.
Warehouse
A building specially designed for receipt,
storage and handling of goods.
Warehouse Receipt
Receipt for products deposited in a warehouse.
Warehousing
Those activities of holding and handling
goods in a warehouse (store).
Warsaw Convention
The Convention for the Unification of Certain
Rules Relating to International Carriage
by Air, signed at Warsaw, 12 October 1929,
or that Convention as amended by the Hague
Protocol, 1955, stipulating obligations
or parties and limitations and/or exonerations
of carriers (air cargo).
Waybill
Non-negotiable document evidencing the contract
for the transport of cargo.
Weight Charge
The charge for carriage of goods based on
their weight (air cargo).
Wharf
A place for berthing vessels to facilitate
loading and discharging of cargo.
Wharfage
The fee charged for the use of a wharf for
mooring, loading or discharging a vessel
or for storing goods.
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X-ray
High frequency electromagnetic ray of short
wave-length, capable of penetrating most
solid substances.
X.25
International standard of the CCITT for
packet switching.
X.400
A CCITT recommendation designed to facilitate
international message and information exchange
between subscribers of computer based store-and-forward
services and office information systems
in association with public and private data
networks.
X.500
The CCITT now ITU recommendations (ISO9594)
for the structure of directories for the
maintenance of addresses used in electronic
mail.
XML
Extensible mark-up language is an official
recommendation by the World Wide Web Consortium
as a successor of HTML (Hyper Text Mark-up
language) it can be used to convey documents
layout and contents from one computer application
to another. XML is a subset of SGML.
XML/EDI
The exchange of structured information over
the Internet using XML as the syntax. |
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Yard
Fenced off, outdoor storage and repair area.
Yaw
Variation of the course of a ship to port
or starboard caused by the action of waves
or wind.
Yawl
- A vessel's small boat moved by one
oar
- A small sailboat rigged fore-and-aft,
with a short mizzenmast astern of the
cockpit - distinguished from ketch
Yield Bucket
The remaining slot capacity for a trade/voyage
in a certain port of loading after deduction
of the allowance for specific contracts.
Yield Management
The process of maximising the contribution
of every slot, vessel, trade and network.
Basically it should be seen as the process
of allocating the right type of capacity
to the right kind of customer at the right
price as to maximise revenue or yield.
The concept should be used in combination
with load factor management.
York - Antwerp Rules
There is a general average act when, and
only when any extraordinary sacrifice or
expenditure is intentionally and reasonably
made or incurred for the common safety for
the purpose of preserving from peril the
property involved in a common maritime adventure.
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Zodiac
A rubber dinghy. An inflatable craft for
the transport of people.
Zone
Area, belt or district extending about a
certain point defined for transport and/or
charge purpose.
Zone Haulage Rate
The rate for which the carrier will undertake
the haulage of goods or containers between
either the place of delivery and the carrier's
appropriate terminal. Such haulage will
be undertaken only subject to the terms
and conditions of the tariff and of the
carrier's Combined Transport Bill of Lading.
Zone Improvement Plan
Abbreviation: ZIP
System to simplify sorting and delivery
of mail, consisting of a number of five
digits (the so-called ZIP-code) for identification
of the state, city or district, and the
postal zone in the U.S.A. delivery areas.
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